This is why testing can be important even when someone feels completely healthy.
Using condoms correctly and consistently can reduce the risk of many STIs, although protection is not complete for infections that can spread through uncovered skin. Other preventive measures include vaccination against HPV and hepatitis B, regular testing based on individual risk, and honest conversations with partners.
Withdrawal, sometimes called the pull-out method, is also less reliable than many other contraceptive methods when used alone. It does not provide protection against STIs.
People who wish to avoid pregnancy can consider options such as condoms, birth control pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, injections, and other contraceptive methods. The most suitable option depends on individual circumstances and medical advice.
If unprotected sex has occurred or contraception has failed, emergency contraception may help prevent pregnancy. Some options work for up to five days after sex, although effectiveness depends on the method and timing. A pharmacist or healthcare professional can explain which options are available and appropriate.
