So
why do these cramps happen, what should you do when one strikes, and which prevention strategies are actually supported by evidence?
What Are Nighttime Leg Cramps?
A nighttime leg cramp
occurs when a muscle contracts involuntarily and temporarily fails to relax.
During an episode, the affected muscle may feel extremely tight or hard. In some people, the muscle visibly bunches or forms a knot beneath the skin.
Nocturnal leg cramps should not be confused with restless legs syndrome (RLS).
Restless legs syndrome generally causes uncomfortable sensations and a strong urge to move the legs, particularly when resting. Movement often temporarily relieves the sensation.
A true muscle cramp, in contrast, involves a painful and forceful muscle contraction.
Nighttime cramps become more
common with age, and pregnancy also increases the likelihood of experiencing them. Muscle fatigue, certain health conditions and some medications may also contribute.
Importantly, however, doctors often cannot identify one
